The project of the biblical garden of prayer in the Jerusalem of Szarhorod in Ukraine in the context of the Calvary tradition and the challenges of religious tourism
Abstrakt
The project of the biblical garden of prayer in the Jerusalem of Szarhorod in Ukraine in the context of the Calvary tradition and the challenges of religious tourism. Franciscan Calvaries, an interesting cultural phenomenon, are an important element of spirituality, pastoral activities, and rich enclaves of architecture and art,
known and valued not only by pious pilgrims, but also by a wider public, especially those who love art and the beauty of nature. The topography of the area and vegetation cover, referring to the realities of the Holy Land, are of great significance for outdoor Calvaries. The imitative efforts undertaken over the centuries in the European Calvaries drew a pilgrim’s imagination to the symbolic dictionary of biblical plants, which in turn shaped the experience of the sacrum and favoured further exploration of even better planning concepts and the use of the most optimal species of trees, shrubs and herbs adapted to specific environmental conditions. These arrangements as an architectural and iconographic complex were immersed in the green space of sacred gardens of prayer, which the Calvary complex has undoubtedly been for centuries and is still today. The article presents projects of planting biblical plants assigned to the station chapels of a new pilgrimage centre, taking into account the local topographic values, Franciscan traditions and contemporary pastoral needs. The text is illustrated by graphical visualisations of the whole complex and its individual parts.
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Boersema J.J. 2002: Why is Francis of Assisi the patron saint of ecologists? Science & Christian Belief 14 (1): 51–77
Borowski O. 1987: Agriculture in Iron Age Israel. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, IN.
Browicz K. 1982: Chorology of trees and shrubs in South-West Asia and adjacent regions. Vol. 1. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
Chrzanowski T. 1991: Adam Chmielowski – saint brother Albert or between art and saintliness. In: Z. Baran, W. Brand (Eds), Cracow.The dialogue of traditions; a publication on the occasion of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe session, May 28 – June 7, 1991. Cracow 1991: 95–106.
Ciesielski T. 2014: The Jews in Times of war and the social and political riots in the south-east of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th and 18th centuries. Bulletin der Polnishen Historishen Mission 9: 267–290.
Cirlot J.E. 2002: A Dictionary of Symbols. Dover Publications, Mineola NY.
Cooper M.C., Barnes M. 1995: Gardens in Healthcare Facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations. The Center for Health Design, Martinez CA.
Cregan J. 2012: Water as blessing: recovering the symbolism of the Garden of Eden through Ezekiel for Christian theology – a theological investigation. University of Notre Dame Australia. Thesis 71. Retrieved from: http://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/71 [accessed 25.02.2018].
Denis V., de Vries T.E. 1967: Picture History of World Art: Old Stone Age to gothic art. H.N. Abrams, New York.
European Commission 2013: Environment Action Programme to 2020. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/action-programme/index.htm [accessed 25.02.2018].
Figurniak M.L. 2014: The history of the Jewish population on the Zamoyski latifundium. Bulletin der Polnishen Historishen Mission 9: 181–198.
Forstner D. 1959: Die Welt der christlicher Symbole. Tyrolia, Innsbruck. Gage J. 1999: Color and Meaning. Art, Science and Symbolism. University of California Press,
Berkeley and Los Angeles.
Gauding M. 2009: The Signs and Symbols Bible. Godsfield Press, London.
Gil-Mastalerczyk J. 2016: Sacred architecture after administration reform of church in Poland. Structure: 168–175.
Gordon L. 1983: Cossack rebellions: social turmoil in the sixteenth-century Ukraine. J. Ukr. Stud. 8 (1): 60–64.
Green D.A. 2011: The Aroma of Righteousness:Scent and Seduction in Rabbinic Life and Literature. Penn State Press, University Park.
Guldan E. 1966: Eva und Maria. Eine Anthithese als Bildmotiv. Hermann Bohlaus Nachf., Graz-Köln.
Haag H. 2000: Das Land der Bibel. Verlag Katholisches Bibelverk, Stutgart.
Hägele H. 2013: Colour in Sculpture: A Survey from Ancient Mesopotamia to the Present. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Hansmann W. 1988: Gartenkunst der Renaissance und das Barock. Du Mont Buchverlag, Köln.
Haushild S. 2007: Das Paradies auf Erden. Die Gärten der Zisterzienser. Thorbecke, Stuttgart.
Hepper F.N. 1992: Pflanzenwelt der Bibel. Eine Illustierte Enzyklopädie. Deutsche Bibelgesselschaft, Stutgart.
Hobhouse P. 1992: Plants in garden history. Pavilion Books, London.
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Impelluso L. 2003: La natura e i suoi simboli. Piante, fiori e animali. Mondadori Electa, Milano.
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KAwollek W., Falk H. 2005: Bibelpflanzen. Kennen und kultivieren. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Kinder T.N. 2002: Cistercian Europe. Architecture of Contemplation. Grand Rapids, Michigan/Cambridge.
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Mayr W. 2013: Die Erschaffung der Welt. Spiegel Gesichte 6: 109–112.
Milecka M. 2013: Cistercian gardens – myth and reality. Architectus 3 (35): 47–62.
Mitkowska A. 2003: Polskie kalwarie. Ossolineum, Wrocław.
Mitkowska A. 2012: European Calvaries as peregrination memorial gardens. Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura 109 (2-A): 19–28.
Moldenke N.H., Moldenke A.L. 1952: Plants of the Bibles. Dover Publications, New York.
Morton Arboretum 2015: Watering Trees and Shrubs. Retrieved from: https://mortonarb.org/plant-and-protect/tree-plant-care/plant-careresources/watering-trees-and-shrubs [accessed 25.02.2018].
Murzaku I.A. (Ed.) 2016: Monasticism in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics. Routledge, London and New York.
Neshyk S. (Ed.) 2011: Remarkable memorials of Vinnytsya Region. Vinnytysya Regional Local Lore Museum.
Olijnik O., Chodorkowski J. 1997: Jerozolima w architekturze i urbanistyce dawnej Rusi i na Ukrainie. Refleksje architektów. In: P. Paszkiewicz, T. Zadrożny (Eds), Jerozolima w kulturze europejskiej. Instytut Sztuki PAN, Warszawa: 273–276.
Prezbiter T. 1998: Diversarum Artium Schedula i inne średniowieczne zbiory przepisów o sztukach rozmaitych. Tyniec Wydawnictwo Benedyktynów, Kraków.
Rybchynskyi O., Khokhon M. 2017: Defensive buildings of monastery complexes located within the town areas of historical cities in western Ukraine. Space & Form 31:
275–292.
Sachs H., Badstübner E., Neumann H. 1980: Christliche Ikonographie in Stichworten. Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig.
Schiller G. 1972: Iconography of Christian Art. Vol. II. Lund Humphries, London: 74–75.
Serageldin I., Shluger E., MARTINBROWN J. (Eds) 2001: Historic Cities and Sacred Sites: Cultural Roots for Urban Futures. The World Bank, Washinghton.
Siewniak M., Mitkowska A. 1998: Tezaurus sztuki ogrodowej. Wydawnictwo Rytm, Warszawa.
Skrypnyk M. (Ed.) 2014: Tourism in Vinnytsya Region. Vinnytysya Regional Local Lore Museum.
Skubiszewski P. 1985: Veit Stoss. Wit Stwosz. Wydawnictwo Arkady, Warszawa.
Tradigo A. 2004: Icons and Saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Mondadadori Electa, Milan.
Veidlinger J. 2013: In the shadow of the shtetl: small-town Jewish life in Soviet Ukraine. Indiana University Press, Bloomington-Indianapolis.
Vinokurova F.A. 1998: The holocaust in Vinnitsa Oblast. Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova. Routes to Roots Foundation, New York.
Wheelock A.K. 1999: From Botany to Bouquets: Flowers in Northern Art. National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.
Włodarczyk Z. 2007: Review of plant species cited in the Bible. Folia Hortic. 19 (1): 67–85.
World Travel and Tourism Council 2006: The impact of travel and tourism on jobs and the economy. Retrieved from: http://www.wttc.travel/bin/pdf/temp/russia.html [accessed 25.02.2018].
Yoshikava N.K. 2014: The Virgin in the Hortus conclusus: Healing the Body and Healing the Soul. MFF, 50 (1): 11–32.
Zohary M. 1982: Plants of the Bible. A complete handbook to all the plants with 200 full-colour plates taken in the natural habitat. Cambridge University Press, London.
Zohary M. 1987: Flora Palaestina. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
Cyprian Moryc, Marek Kopacki, & Margot Dudkiewicz. (2021). The project of the biblical garden of prayer in the Jerusalem of Szarhorod in Ukraine in the context of the Calvary tradition and the challenges of religious tourism. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, (42), 17-45. Pobrano z https://ahorticulture.sggw.pl/index.php/hala/article/view/49
Cyprian Moryc
Pracownia Sztuki Sakralnej pw. św. Bernardyna i bł. Mikołaja przy Sanktuarium Pasyjno-Maryjnym w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej Polska
Pracownia Sztuki Sakralnej pw. św. Bernardyna i bł. Mikołaja przy Sanktuarium Pasyjno-Maryjnym w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej Polska
Marek Kopacki
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Katedra Ochrony Roślin Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-250X
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Katedra Ochrony Roślin Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-250X
Margot Dudkiewicz
margotdudkiewicz@o2.pl
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Katedra Architektury Krajobrazu Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-6192
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Katedra Architektury Krajobrazu Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-6192
